2.1 Linking Devices

In the following table we will review linking devices to express result, reason, purpose, contrast, time and condition. 

 

RESULT: so, such, as a result, therefore, consequently
REASON: as, since, because, for, because of, due to, owing to  
PURPOSE: to + infinitive, in order (not) to, so as (not) to, so that, in case 
CONTRAST: although, even though, though, however, nevertheless, even so, but, despite, in spite of  
TIME: when, as soon as, after, as, while, before, once, until, till, since
CONDITION: if, whether, unless, providing, provided, as long as, so long as, even if

To check your knowledge on linking devices, do the following activities:

 

 

Rellenar huecos

You are going to read about the music festival in Glastonbury. Fill in the gaps using linking words from the chart below. There are extra words you do not need to use. Write the corresponding number in the space provided.

 

01. because         06. but 

02. and                07. although  

03. until               08. however

04. therefore        09. providing

05. to                  10. whether   

GLASTONBURY FESTIVAL

The first Glastonbury Festival took place in 1970 was organised by Michael Eavis, who still runs the festival now on his farm in Somerset in the south-west of England. Michael charged people just £1 to enter, and the ticket included free milk from the farm. Only 1,500 people attended on that occasion, this number has grown exponentially since then. In 2011, there were approximately 100 times more people in the crowd and tickets, which cost £195 each, sold out within 4 hours. The festival takes place almost every year in the last weekend of June and lasts for three days.

it is best known for contemporary music, Glastonbury (or ‘Glasto’ as it is often called) is host to other performing arts such as dance, comedy and theatre. The festival site is now made up of distinct zones, each one providing something different cater for the tastes of all those present.

Countless famous British musicians have played at the festival, including Sir Paul McCartney, Oasis and Coldplay, the festival also attracts international interest, and has seen headline acts in recent years such as the likes of Beyonce Knowles, Stevie Wonder and Jay-Z.

The festival is renowned for being extremely muddy, and on many occasions, most notably in 1997, heavy rainfall turned the whole festival site into a quagmire. Glastonbury-goers remain undeterred, however, and are quite happy to boogie the festival away in their wellies.

of the high demand for tickets, the festival has also been famous for ‘fence-jumpers’. In 2000, when only 100,000 tickets were sold, about 250,000 people attended the event – many of whom jumped over the surrounding fence to gain entry. , security increased in 2002 and a ‘superfence’ was created to prevent people from entering without a ticket. In the same year, the new Pyramid Stage, graced by the presence of David Bowie, was welcomed back following its demise in 1994 when it burnt down just a week before the festival was to begin.

The festival supports Fair Trade and has made substantial contributions to charity over the years. In 2003, over a million pounds was donated, and Greenpeace, Oxfam and WaterAid continue to be main beneficiaries.

The next Glastonbury festival is set to take place in 2013, following a year off in 2012, the farmland has a chance to recover. Registration for tickets is already open.

SOURCE: http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/sites/teacheng/files/Music%20is%20Great_worksheet_1.pdf

  

Objetivos

Look for a partner and perform the following role play. One of you is going to be Student A and the other one Student B. Before doing the activity look at the list of expressions below which will be useful to interact with your partner and besides it will help you to manage the conversation.

 

 


Imagen de flykr en Flickr bajo licencia CC

STUDENT A


You are a famous musician who usually participates in different music festivals like Glastonbury.  You have noticed that lately people don't want to spend much money on live music festivals since they prefer to download music from the Internet as it is cheaper. But even so, you simply don’t believe that people should be allowed to download music from the Internet for free. You think that musicians wrote it, did the work, recorded it, performed it and produced it. You even sometimes sing free for charity. But you think it is wrong that people can take it for nothing.

You are talking to your partner who is 19 and don't have money to spare. Defend yourself. You have money yourself, but not all singers do, and above all it’s a question of principle:

  • You are also defending the rights of other singers who are poor and whomight lose their livelihood if their music is available  for free, for anybody who wants it.
  • Why should musicians work for free? Nobody else works for nothing.
  • You think the quality of music will fall if free downloading becomes themain way of obtaining music.
  •  You believe that live music festivals will disappear.

SOURCE:http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/lesson-plans/conversation-lesson-music


Imagen de matthileo en Flickr bajo licencia CC

STUDENT B

You are a 19 year old music fan and a student. You love music and you would like to go to music festivals like Glastonbury, but you don’t have a lot of spare money. For this reason, you download a lot of music from the Internet. You know it’s illegal, but you think this is wrong. You think music should be shared by the people without paying for it.

But your partner who is a famous musician disagrees. Explain to him/her why you should get it for free:

  • You think that millionaire musicians don’t need any more money from music sales.
  • You think that music is the voice of the people and not owned by  one person.
  • You think that more people will be able to enjoy music if it is available for free.

SOURCE:http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/lesson-plans/conversation-lesson-music

 

The expressions below will help you to manage a conversation. Sometimes when you are discussing an issue in English there's a person who tends to dominate the conversation or even who keeps going off the topic. So, to avoid finding it hard to follow a conversation use the phrases in the boxes below:

 

 

EXPRESSIONS TO MANAGE A CONVERSATION

a. Encouraging someone else to contribute

 

  • So, what do you think about...?
  • But don't you think...?
  • How do you feel about it?
  • Do you think that's always the case?
  • What do you have in mind?
  • Can you go into more detail?

 

b. Keeping your turn

 

  • Hold on a minute. I wanted to say that....
  • The point I'm trying to make is that..
  • What I mean is...
  • So, in other words....
  • Can you just let me finish what I was trying to say?
  • Sorry, and another thing is that....

c. Giving you thinking time

 

  • Well, you're right
  • That's something we should consider carefully
  • I haven't thought much about it before
  • Well, let me think

 

d. Staying on an original topic

 

  • As you said before,...
  • Getting back to the point, ...

 

 Do this exercise to check you know how to take turns and give examples in a speaking exam.